[This essay is taken from \'The Descent of Man and Selection in
relation to Sex\' by Charles Darwin where it appears at the end of
Chapter VII which is also the end of Part I. Footnotes are numbered
as they appear in \'The Descent of Man.\']
The controversy respecting the nature and the extent of the
differences in the structure of the brain in man and the apes, which arose
some fifteen years ago, has not yet come to an end, though the subject
matter of the dispute is, at present, totally different from what it was
formerly. It was originally asserted and re-asserted, with singular
pertinacity, that the brain of all the apes, even the highest, differs from that
of man, in the absence of such conspicuous structures as the posterior
lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, with the posterior cornu of the lateral
ventricle and the hippocampus minor, contained in those lobes, which are
so obvious in man.